[47], He co-founded the Zinc Corporation to extract zinc near the Australian city of Broken Hill, New South Wales. They then returned to their home in southern California, where Herbert Jr. worked as an engineer for Western Air Express, a precursor to TWA. Hoover's elder brother Theodore also studied mining engineering at Stanford, and returned there to become dean of the engineering school. [18][19], Hoover is a conservative, with libertarian beliefs on issues of personal morality. [22] Hoover was a mediocre student, and he spent much of his time working in various part-time jobs or participating in campus activities. The building was constructed on a 60-acre tract owned by Fred Bunting. [8] As a child, Hoover consistently attended schools, but he did little reading on his own aside from the Bible. [113] He also established the federal government's power to inspect planes and license pilots, setting a precedent for the later Federal Aviation Administration. [220], By mid-1931 few observers thought that Hoover had much hope of winning a second term in the midst of the ongoing economic crisis. Peggy Ann, Joan and Peter Hoover at the White House, December 1930. [25] During the summers before and after his senior year, Hoover interned under economic geologist Waldemar Lindgren of the United States Geological Survey; these experiences convinced Hoover to pursue a career as a mining geologist. [88] After U.S. government funding for the ARA expired in mid-1919, Hoover transformed the ARA into a private organization, raising millions of dollars from private donors. The third solution to was to fall back on that old tactic of twisting the British tail. Perry. [214] As a result of Hoover's efforts, the United States and other major naval powers signed the 1930 London Naval Treaty. He publicly warned that Chinese workers were inefficient and racially inferior. "[265] In 1958, Congress passed the Former Presidents Act, offering a $25,000 yearly pension (equivalent to $234,804 in 2021) to each former president. Coolidge and other prominent Republicans all passed on the opportunity to challenge Hoover. [181], The economy continued to worsen, with unemployment rates nearing 23 percent in early 1932,[182] and Hoover finally heeded calls for more direct federal intervention. [28] He first went to Coolgardie, then the center of the Eastern Goldfields, which was actually in Western Australia, receiving a $5,000 salary (equivalent to $162,860 in 2021). [89], Despite the opposition of Senator Henry Cabot Lodge and other Republicans, Hoover provided aid to the defeated German nation after the war, as well as relief to famine-stricken Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. [4] Hoover's mother, Hulda Randall Minthorn, was raised in Norwich, Ontario, Canada, before moving to Iowa in 1859. One observer described Hoover as "an orphan [who] seemed to be neglected in many ways". Hoover and his family moved to Stone County in 1967. The second solution was to gain the reputation of a humanitarian, deeply concerned with the world's troubles, such as famine in Belgium, as well as specific American problems which he had solved as food commissioner during the world war. [32] Partly due to Hoover's efforts, the company eventually controlled approximately 50 percent of gold production in Western Australia. [26], When Hoover graduated from Stanford in 1895, the country was in the midst of the Panic of 1893 and he initially struggled to find a job. Hoover . In the early and mid-1920s, Hoover's radio conferences played a key role in the organization, development, and regulation of radio broadcasting. [85] He also established the European Children's Fund, which provided relief to fifteen million children across fourteen countries. In response to continued attacks on his character and presidency, Hoover wrote more than two dozen books, including The Challenge to Liberty (1934), which harshly criticized Roosevelt's New Deal. At the 1936 Republican National Convention, Hoover's speech attacking the New Deal was well received, but the nomination went to Kansas Governor Alf Landon. [101] To overcome this opposition, Harding paired Hoover's nomination with that of conservative favorite Andrew Mellon as Secretary of the Treasury, and the nominations of both Hoover and Mellon were confirmed by the Senate. With the U.S. mobilizing for war, President Wilson appointed Hoover to head the U.S. Food Administration, which was charged with ensuring the nation's food needs during the war. [70] He also convinced British Chancellor of the Exchequer David Lloyd George to allow individuals to send money to the people of Belgium, thereby lessening workload of the CRB. Over the objection of many economists, Hoover signed the SmootHawley Tariff Act into law in June 1930. The 1920 Census was the first and only Decennial Census where the results were not used to reapportion Congress, which ultimately influenced the 1928 Electoral College and impacted the Presidential Election. Hoover energetically gave a series of speeches and interviews denouncing the monopolistic practice, and demanding that it be ended. [279] Nicholas Lemann writes that Hoover has been remembered "as the man who was too rigidly conservative to react adeptly to the Depression, as the hapless foil to the great Franklin Roosevelt, and as the politician who managed to turn a Republican country into a Democratic one". 3 children. For other uses, see, "President Hoover" redirects here. [179] Hoover's opponents developed defamatory epithets to discredit him, such as "Hooverville" (the shanty towns and homeless encampments), "Hoover leather" (cardboard used to cover holes in the soles of shoes), and "Hoover blanket" (old newspaper used to cover oneself from the cold).
Can Someone Enter Your Property Without Permission,
Clayton Valli Biography,
Articles H
