That became the basis for "One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest." He was born in the Bronx under his real name Joseph Sch[n]eider as son of Orthodox J immigrants from Hungary. So the CIA, and Gottlieb in particular, were limited only by their own imagination. Sidney Gottlieb, who presided over the Central Intelligence Agency's cold-war efforts to control the human mind and provided the agency poisons to kill Fidel Castro, died on Sunday in Washington, Va. Eisenhower left office in January 1961 but anti-Castro plotting went on. Gottlieb, however, later testified that he had disposed of the poison before leaving Leopoldville, destroying its viability, then dumping it into the Congo River. The same needle was inserted under the skin of a white mouse. Dr. Sidney Gottlieb (Sid) was a scientist and chemist working for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) that ran the Technical Services Division (TSD) and before that position he ran the Chemical Division within TSD.. As director of TSD, Sid was like the character "Q" in the James Bond movies. The grail he sought eluded him. At mid-morning on August 18, 1960, CIA director Allen Dulles and deputy director for plans Richard Bissell made an unscheduled visit to the White House. Sidney Gottlieb, 80, Dies; Took LSD to C.I.A. He disguised his program by describing it as something the Soviet Union was doing rather than something he was pioneering himself. The Secret History of Fort Detrick, the CIA's Base for Mind Control For four years, U-2 drivers tucked those boxes into their flight suits. That's where Ken Kesey took LSD for the first time. GROSS: And were there any guidelines in effect in the U.S. that would have made it illegal had people known what he was doing? The man he chose, Sidney Gottlieb, was not part of the silver-spoon aristocracy from which most officers of the early CIA were recruited, but a 33-year-old Jew from an immigrant family who limped and stuttered. One idea was based, like the bomb plot, on Castros love of scuba diving. KINZER: I think that's largely correct. And under the conditions of his employment, he was allowed to pursue any form of experimentation that he could imagine. GROSS: And he worked with some pretty high-class torturers, too, from one of the Nazi doctors and the chief poisoner from Japan during World War II. He crossed over a lot. In order to take the specialized courses he wished to have, he first attended Arkansas Tech University, where he studied botany, organic chemistry, and principles of dairying. Gottlieb actually made a potion that was supposed to be put in a rice bowl that Zhou Enlai would eat from. He later realized that this had nothing to do with schizophrenia, and he was a guinea pig in a government experiment aimed at seeing what people's long-term reactions to LSD was; essentially, could we make a person lose his mind by feeding him LSD every day over such a long period? Gottlieb was to provide the method. Three decades earlier he had promised a widow named Alice Olson that. So as they were both on their way out of the CIA, they agreed that they should destroy all records of MKUltra. He also became head of the CIA program that creates high-tech gadgets for spies to use. After he left the C.I.A., Mr. Gottlieb and his wife went to India, where he ran a leper hospital for 18 months. [Redacted] distinctly remembers the flaps-and-seals job he had to do on the box and on each of the cigars, both to get at the cigars and to erase evidence of tampering . He had to waste unknown numbers of lives in order to reach a conclusion that should have been clear from the beginning. GROSS: This is FRESH AIR. By crafting the lethal pin that was given to U-2 drivers, he solidified his position as poisoner in chief. Describe that part of his job. His obituaries in the New York Timesand the Washington Post tended to focus own. So his imagination was very fertile. Sidney Gottlieb (1918-1999) FamilySearch Embassy and station believe Congo experiencing classic Communist effort takeover government, Devlin wrote. (Originally broadcast Sept. 2019) Also, Justin Chang reviews, 'Small Axe,' Steve McQueen's new collection of five films set in London's West Indian community. One of Gottliebs aides later testified that he had ordered this operation without informing his boss. 1952: Stanley Glickman was another human casualty of Sidney Gottlieb's Gottlieb chose a poison, and a Special Operations Division officer at Fort Detrick made the ampules. However, poison remained the most appealing option. He was living there when he began working for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The U-2 squadron and its missionto photograph Soviet military installationswere among Americas most classified secrets. KINZER: He was trying everything. He later transferred to the Food and Drug Administration, where he developed tests to measure the presence of drugs in the human body. His use of alcohol and narcotics was legendary, but he was also a cop who did pursue jazz figures, including Billie Holiday. But this too wasnt what it seemed. Making poison to kill foreign leaders was no longer Gottliebs job. On May 13, 1960, just days after the U-2 fiasco, President Eisenhower ordered Castro sawed off. He did not use what CIA security director Sheffield Edwards later called bad words, but everyone present understood this as a presidential directive to remove Castro from power by any means including assassination. In the 1950s and 1960s, it was the center of the U.S. governments darkest experiments. President Kennedy had assigned lawyer James Donovanportrayed by Tom Hanks in the 2015 film Bridge of Spiesto negotiate release of POWs from the Bay of Pigs. There was absolutely noN-O, nodeliberate attempt to violate Soviet airspace, and there never has been, a State Department spokesman told reporters. In 1951, Dulles hired a chemist to design and oversee a systematic search for the key to mind control. Many of the human guinea pigs were mental patients, prisoners, drug addicts and prostitutes -- ''people who could not fight back,'' as one agency officer put it. My plan was to stall, to delay as long as possible in the hope that Lumumba would either fade away politically as a potential danger or that the Congolese would succeed in taking him prisoner. Devlin locked the kit in his office safe, where it would lose potency. We'll be right back. Two years later, the agency established MKUltra and Mr. Gottlieb was running it. Our guest, journalist Stephen Kinzer, has spent several years investigating the CIA's mind control program, which was known as MKUltra. . Gottlieb and his scientists turned their thoughts to assassination. One batch, a supremely potent shellfish poison known as saxitoxin, escaped destruction, though.
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