through instrumental variables (IV) estimation, is limited. [40] Baldwin,K. and J.Huber (2010), Economic versus Cultural Differences: Forms of Ethnic Diversity and Public Goods Provision. When racist abuse rears its ugly head we will never as a club do what this person has done: disappear into anonymity. 227-239. Extracts from publications may be subject to additional disclaimers, which are set out in the complete version of the publication, available at the link provided. They find that more gender equal boards have a beneficial effect in companies where shareholder rights are weak and more monitoring is thus beneficial, while the impact is negative for companies with strong shareholder rights. Another study including around 200 European regions suggests that the impact of migrant diversity on innovation is positive and shows an inverse U-shape relationship. Relatively few studies look at different elements of diversity. For attitudes and behaviour to change we need a multifaceted response one that incorporates education, policy and legislation. There are a lot of factors that affect a person's socioeconomic status. Nearly a year after the infamous comments of a teenage girl, Goodes was again the target of racism at an Essendon game in May. (2010), The Gender and Ethnic Diversity of US Boards and Board Committees and Firm Financial Performance. Indeed, biologists and anthropologists have long believed that humans fared better than other species because contact with unknown others brought about a variety of benefits that cannot be attained by interactions exclusively with members of our groups. 1219-1260. 1945-1960. Age diversity is not found to have a significant impact. (2011), Getting Specific about Demographic Diversity Variable and Team Performance Relationships: A Meta-Analysis. For example, Post and Byron (2015[13]) assessed 140 studies in a meta-study and found that on average, having more female directors is positively related to returns on assets and returns on equity, but that the effect was very small. Social diversity is a global issue and it has contributed to major geopolitical events such as Brexit and the fractious nature of the European refugee crisis. 40, pp. This index accounts both for the heterogeneity of a population as well as the size of different population groups. [17] Carter,D. etal. Regarding attitudes towards social spending and redistribution, in EU countries, positive attitudes among native-born towards income redistribution decrease with higher immigrant diversity and a higher share of immigrants in the population (Alesina, Harnoss and Rapoport, 2014[42]). Face the facts: Cultural Diversity | Australian Human - Human Rights In this report, we explored factors related to whether people thought an increasing number of people of many different races, ethnic groups and nationalities made their country a better place to live. In 2012, the Federal Government launched the National Anti-Racism Strategy, an initiative of its multicultural policy, The People of Australia. 31-56. This would prevent racist abuse offered up in the course of public discussion being permitted. Female directors appear to have better attendance records than male directors and the attendance of male directors improves following the entry of female members in the board of directors. The Impacts of Diversity. Importantly there is strong level of support for multiculturalism from Australians themselves. If they do not, and are there as a token gesture or simply to comply, perhaps reluctantly, with legislation, then their presence on a board is likely to have little impact. Continue to open the publication page on OECDiLibrary to find: Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, All Hands In? [12] Parrotta,P., D.Pozzoli and M.Pytlikova (2014), Labor diversity and firm productivity. Social cohesion in a multicultural Australia: The importance of human [39] Laurence,J. Economic arguments can only serve to reinforce the obligation of ensuring the labour market inclusion of diverse groups rooted in the idea of promoting a society that is just and equitable, valuing diversity, providing equal opportunities to all its members, irrespective of their various characteristics. gender, ethnicity or age. France, for example, could gain around EUR150 billion, or 6.9% of the 2015 GDP, over 20years (i.e. 99-126. At: http:// www.uws.edu.au/social_sciences/soss/research/challenging_racism/findings_by_region (viewed 15 August 2013). There is a large, multi-disciplinary interest on the impact of diversity, including the field of management and HR, psychology and economics, including labour economics, trade and the political economy literature. (2011), Recent advances in intergroup contact theory, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, Vol. [14] Pletzer,J. etal. [10] McGuirk,H. and D.Jordan (2012), Local labour market diversity and business innovation: evidence from Irish manufacturing businesses. In the second reading speech for the Bill the Attorney-General, Michael Lavarch, stated that: It needs to be recognised that racial hatred does not exist in a vacuumit provides a climate in which people of a particular race or ethnic origin live in fear and in which discrimination can thrive. The campaign now has support from organisations across business, sport, education, local government and civil society. It is the position of the Commission that we need legislative protection across all human rights not just racial discrimination. [3] UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA). On average, however, more gender equal boards have a negative effect on corporate performance. Pride in Diversity an employer support program that encourages Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex (LGBTI . We are all diminished as a consequence. 2015/1. Social Impact: Definition and Why is Social Impact Important? [19] Horwitz,S. and I.Horwitz (2007), The Effects of Team Diversity on Team Outcomes: A Meta-Analytic Review of Team Demography, Journal of Management, Vol. What do we mean by diversity and inclusion? | Victorian Government The other positive outcomes the survey revealed is that 92% of people surveyed said they feel they belong to Australian society. The Australian Human Rights Commission was established as an independent statutory authority in 1986 through legislation that is now called the Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986 (Cth). [34] Alesina,A. and E.La Ferrara (2005), Ethnic Diversity and Economic Performance. The diversity of ways Australians are and aren't religious or spiritual impacts on social policy, education, and interreligious relations. In Europe, research has also found a positive relationship between innovation and the share of the foreign-born population on a regional level (Ozgen, Nijkamp and Poot, 2012[5]). This rationale is a logical consequence of talent being distributed equally among the population to make the most of increasingly diverse workforces, businesses and policy makers must ensure that opportunity also is.
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