Distribution of haplogroup E1b1b in Europe, the Near East and North Africa. E1b1a (M58) Expansion between the Great Lakes & Midwest Africa In doing so, we assume (a) that the NRY has a genealogy that, at least in that part of the genealogical tree analysed in this paper, can be unambiguously constructed using UEP polymorphisms47 (Figure 2) and (b) ASD is a measure of STR diversity that increases linearly over time and that calculating ASD from the common ancestor of a random sample of NRY that are members of a haplogroup provides an estimate of the TMRCA.43 Consistent with previous studies, we observed a high frequency modal of six-STR NRY haplotype (DYS19, 388, 390, 391, 392, 393:151221101113) throughout the area of the EBSP.26, 35, 36 Interpreting the frequencies of the component haplogroups of E1b1a within the context of their geographic distribution and TMRCA values throws additional light on the expansions associated with the EBSP. The most prominent member is probably John C. Calhoun (17821850), who was the seventh Vice President of the United States. Populations in Northwest Africa, central Eastern Africa and Madagascar have tested at more moderate frequencies. M310.1 itself dates from the Late Paleolithic and could have come to Italy via Anatolia and Greece any time between the Late Glacial period and the Iron Age, including with Neolithic farmers, the Minoans, or the Etruscans. Our analysis of NRY from groups over a wide geographic area is consistent with both these conclusions. CAS It might be linked to the expansion of the Kura-Araxes culture from the southern Caucasus to Anatolia and Iran. Steven Pinker is a Canadian experimental psychologist, cognitive scientist, linguist, and popular science author. Mol Biol Evol 2011; 28: 12551269. But others are from E1b1a and E1b1b (common in Africa and other places), R1a (up to 30% in Ashkenazi men), R1b (the most common lineage in Europe), Q (Asia), I (Europe, but rare), and G (mainly Western Asia).6 The distribution of haplogroups found among the Spanish Sephardim was similar to a Jewish population in Turkey Thomas MG, Bradman N, Flinn HM : High throughput analysis of 10 microsatellite and 11 diallelic polymorphisms on the human Y-chromosome. Lewis MP : Ethnologue: Languages of the World. . It has been hypothesized that E1b1a, including its subbranch E1b1a7 (defined by M191, and not tested in the present study), arose in west Central Africa and was later taken southward through a demic expansion ( Cruciani et al. Cereal farming may therefore trace its roots (literally) to the E1b1b tribes of the Mesolithic Levant. The making of the African mtDNA landscape. Article Salas A, Richards M, De la FT et al. Sir David Attenborough (b. BMC Evol Biol 2010; 10: 92. Mol Biol Evol 2004; 21: 16731682. Oxford: Elsevier Ltd, 2006, pp 679685. why EPF2431 is rare - eupedia.com E-M34 lineages experienced a much more dramatic expansion during the Chalcolithic (Copper Age) period.
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